Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/211.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 13.7 KB | 430 lines

@node Header (Serbia and Montenegro)
@section Header (Serbia and Montenegro)

@display

Note:
  Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent
  state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the
  US; the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)
  has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its
  continuation



@end display

@node Geography (Serbia and Montenegro)
@section Geography (Serbia and Montenegro)

@display

Location:
  Southern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina
  and Bulgaria
Map references:
  Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  102,350 km2
 land area:
  102,136 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly larger than Kentucky
 note:
  Serbia has a total area and a land area of 88,412 km2 making it slightly
  larger than Maine; Montenegro has a total area of 13,938 km2 and a land area
  of 13,724 km2 making it slightly larger than Connecticut
Land boundaries:
  total 2,234 km, Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia; 173 km with Motenegro),
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia; 215 km with Montenegro),
  Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 239 km, Croatia (south) 15 km, Hungary 151
  km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
 note:
  the internal boundary between Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km
Coastline:
  199 km (Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km)
Maritime claims:
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  Sandzak region bordering northern Montenegro and southeastern Serbia -
  Muslims seeking autonomy; Vojvodina taken from Hungary and awarded to the
  former Yugoslavia by Treaty of Trianon in 1920; disputes with Bosnia and
  Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas; Albanian minority in
  Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic
Climate:
  in the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with
  well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean
  climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers
  and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain:
  extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone
  ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the
  southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast; home of
  largest lake in former Yugoslavia, Lake Scutari
Natural resources:
  oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Land use:
 arable land:
  30%
 permanent crops:
  5%
 meadows and pastures:
  20%
 forest and woodland:
  25%
 other:
  20%
Irrigated land:
  NA km2



@end display

@node Geography (Serbia and Montenegro 2. usage)
@section Geography (Serbia and Montenegro 2. usage)

@display

Environment:
  coastal water pollution from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related
  areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial
  cities; water pollution along Danube from industrial waste dumped into the
  Sava which drains into the Danube; subject to destructive earthquakes
Note:
  controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the
  Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast



@end display

@node People (Serbia and Montenegro)
@section People (Serbia and Montenegro)

@display

Population:
  10,699,539 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  NA%
Birth rate:
  NA births/1,000 population
Death rate:
  NA deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate:
  NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Infant mortality rate:   NA deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  NA years
 male:
  NA years
 female:
  NA years
Total fertility rate:
  NA children born/woman
Nationality:
 noun:
  Serb(s) and Montenegrin(s)
 adjective:
  Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic divisions:
  Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%, other 13%
Religions:
  Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Languages:
  Serbo-Croatian 95%, Albanian 5%
Literacy:
 total population:
  NA%
 male:
  NA%
 female:
  NA%
Labor force:
  2,640,909
 by occupation:
  industry, mining 40%, agriculture 5% (1990)



@end display

@node Government (Serbia and Montenegro)
@section Government (Serbia and Montenegro)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  none
 conventional short form:
  Serbia and Montenegro
 local long form:
  none
 local short form:
  Srbija-Crna Gora
Digraph:
  SR
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Belgrade
Administrative divisions:
  2 republics (pokajine, singular - pokajina); and 2 autonomous provinces*;,   Kosovo*, Montenegro,,
Serbia, Vojvodina*, Independence:   11 April 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
Constitution:
  27 April 1992
Legal system:
  based on civil law system
National holiday:
  NA
Political parties and leaders:
  Serbian Socialist Party (SPS; former Communist Party), Slobodan MILOSEVIC;
  Serbian Radical Party (SRS), Vojislav SESELJ; Serbian Renewal Party (SPO),
  Vuk DRASKOVIC; Democratic Party (DS), Dragoljub MICUNOVIC; Democratic Party
  of Serbia, Vojislav KOSTUNICA; Democratic Party of Socialists (DSSCG), Momir
  BULATOVIC; People's Party of Montenegro (NS), Novak KILIBARDA; Liberal
  Alliance of Montenegro, Slavko PEROVIC; Democratic Community of Vojvodina
  Hungarians (DZVM), Agoston ANDRAS; League of Communists-Movement for
  Yugoslavia (SK-PJ), Dragan ATANASOVSKI
Other political or pressure groups:
  Serbian Democratic Movement (DEPOS; coalition of opposition parties)
Suffrage:
  16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Elections:
 President:
  Federal Assembly elected Zoran LILIC on 25 June 1993
 Chamber of Republics:
  last held 31 May 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote
  by party NA; seats - (40 total; 20 Serbian, 20 Montenegrin)
 Chamber of Citizens:
  last held 31 May 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of votes
  by party NA; seats (138 total; 108 Serbian, 30 Montenegrin) - SPS 73, SRS
  33, DSSCG 23, SK-PJ 2, DZVM 2, independents 2, vacant 3
Executive branch:
  president, vice president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch:
  bicameral Federal Assembly consists of an upper house or Chamber of
  Republics and a lower house or Chamber of Deputies
Judicial branch:
  Savezni Sud (Federal Court), Constitutional Court



@end display

@node Government (Serbia and Montenegro 2. usage)
@section Government (Serbia and Montenegro 2. usage)

@display

Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  Zoran LILIC (since 25 June 1993); note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is president of
  Serbia (since 9 December 1990); Momir BULATOVIC is president of Montenegro
  (since 23 December 1990)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Radoje KONTIC (since NA December 1992); Deputy Prime
  Ministers Jovan ZEBIC (since NA March 1993), Asim TELACEVIC (since NA March
  1993), Lovre KOVILJKO (since NA March 1993)
Diplomatic representation in US:
  US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations; the
  Embassy of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia continues to
  function in the US
US diplomatic representation:  chief of mission:
  (vacant)
 embassy:
  address NA, Belgrade
 mailing address:
  American Embassy Box 5070, Unit 25402, APO AE 09213-5070
 telephone:
  [38] (11) 645-655
 FAX:
  [38] (11) 645-221
Flag:
  three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red



@end display

@node Economy (Serbia and Montenegro)
@section Economy (Serbia and Montenegro)

@display

Overview:
  The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation has been followed by bloody
  ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup
  of important interrepublic trade flows. The situation in Serbia and
  Montenegro remains fluid in view of the extensive political and military
  strife. Serbia and Montenegro faces major economic problems. First, like the
  other former Yugoslav republics, it depended on its sister republics for
  large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and manufactures. Wide
  varieties in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the
  republics accentuate this interdependence, as did the Communist practice of
  concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The
  breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial
  plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in
  the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the
  republics. One singular factor in the economic situation of Serbia and
  Montenegro is the continuation in office of a Communist government that is
  primarily interested in political and military mastery, not economic reform.
  A further complication is the imposition of economic sanctions by the UN.
National product:
  GDP - exchange rate conversion - $27-37 billion (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  NA%
National product per capita:
  $2,500-$3,500 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  81% (1991)
Unemployment rate:
  25%-40% (1991 est.)
Budget:
  revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
  $4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
 commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment 29%, manufactured goods 28.5%,
  miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.5%, chemicals 11%, food and live
  animals 9%, raw materials 6%, fuels and lubricants 2%, beverages and tobacco
  1%
 partners:
  prior to the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council trade
  partners were principally the other former Yugoslav republics; Italy,
  Germany, other EC, the successor states of the former USSR, East European
  countries, US
Imports:
  $6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
 commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment 26%, fuels and lubricants 18%,
  manufactured goods 16%, chemicals 12.5%, food and live animals 11%,
  miscellaneous manufactured items 8%, raw materials, including coking coal
  for the steel industry, 7%, beverages, tobacco, and edible oils 1.5%
 partners:
  prior to the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council the trade
  partners were principally the other former Yugoslav republics; the successor
  states of the former USSR, EC countries (mainly Italy and Germany), East
  European countries, US
External debt:
  $4.2 billion (may assume some part of foreign debt of former Yugoslavia)
Industrial production:
  growth rate -20% or greater (1991 est.)



@end display

@node Economy (Serbia and Montenegro 2. usage)
@section Economy (Serbia and Montenegro 2. usage)

@display

Electricity:
  8,850,000 kW capacity; 42,000 million kWh produced, 3,950 kWh per capita
  (1992)
Industries:
  machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and
  weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel,
  aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining
  (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods
  (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum
  products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Agriculture:
  the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the
  former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina
  also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production;
  Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long
  growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock
  production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper; Kosovo produces
  fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the mountainous
  pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat husbandry;
  Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the coast where
  a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus, grapes, and
  rice
Illicit drugs:
  NA
Economic aid:
  NA
Currency:
  1 Yugoslav New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras
Exchange rates:
  Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 28.230 (December 1991), 15.162 (1990),
  15.528 (1989), 0.701 (1988), 0.176 (1987)
Fiscal year:   calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Serbia and Montenegro)
@section Communications (Serbia and Montenegro)

@display

Railroads:
  NA
Highways:
  46,019 km total (1990); 26,949 km paved, 10,373 km gravel, 8,697 km earth
Inland waterways:
  NA km
Pipelines:
  crude oil 415 km, petroleum products 130 km, natural gas 2,110 km
Ports:
  coastal - Bar; inland - Belgrade
Merchant marine:
 Montenegro:
  40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 620,455 GRT/1,024,227 DWT; includes 17
  cargo, 5 container, 17 bulk, 1 passenger ship; note - most under Maltese
  flag except 2 bulk under Panamian flag
 Serbia:
  4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 246,631 GRT/451,843 DWT; includes 2
  bulk, 2 conbination tanker/ore carrier; note - all under the flag of Saint
  Vincent and the Grenadines
Airports:
 total:
  48
 useable:
  48
 with permanent-surface runways:
  16
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  6
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  9
Telecommunications:
  700,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 26 AM, 9 FM, 18 TV; 2,015,000
  radios; 1,000,000 TVs; satellite ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Serbia and Montenegro)
@section Defense Forces (Serbia and Montenegro)

@display

Branches:
  People's Army - Ground Forces (internal and border troops), Naval Forces,
  Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard, Territorial Defense Force, Civil
  Defense
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 2,700,485; fit for military service 2,178,128; reach
  military age (19) annually 83,783 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  245 billion dinars, 4-6% of GDP (1992 est.); note - conversion of defense
  expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce
  misleading results



@end display